Maize (Zea mays L.) - The future potential cereal crop of an indispensable significance in agro-forestry system

Abstract

Maize popularly known as the queen of cereal crops, is one of the most cultivated and demanding staple cereal crops with higher potential productivity in the world. In the global scenario, India ranks 7th in total maize production with America being on the top. The total acreage under maize cultivation in India is 9.89 M ha having 4th rank in world while production is 34.61 million tons. In future, maize become maximum cultivated crop in place of wheat, rice etc. because of its higher productivity potential per unit area, wider adaptability to climate, soil and its multipurpose uses. However, the present cultivation practices of maize can lead to soil degradation, biodiversity loss and environmental pollution. Hence, to overcome these problems the adoption of agroforestry, the integration of trees into farming system, can provide sustainable approach to maize production by improving soil health, reduce soil erosion, enhance biodiversity and utilize degraded lands. Maize can be grown in various agroforestry systems like agri-silviculture, taungya cultivation, alley cropping, wind breaks/ shelterbelts and agri-horticulture system. Maize shows complementary effects with most agroforestry tree species specially legumes. Hence, by choosing suitable trees combination, the potential of maize as an intercrop in agroforestry is utilized effectively which will enhance the income of small and marginal farmers along with providing environmental services.