Mainstreaming conservation agriculture for climate-smart and resourceefficient agri-food systems in India

Abstract

Conservation Agriculture (CA) combines notill practices, residue-based soil cover, and diversified cropping systems. Together, these practices serve as a practical pathway for climate-smart and resource-efficient agricultural development across India. This article discusses the strategic importance of adopting CA in Indian agri-food systems through evidence collected from the Indo-Gangetic Plains and institutional initiatives led by ICAR. The paper also outlines policy recommendations and a strategic plan to integrate CA into national programs through incentive, mechanization support, capacity building, and by linking the research with extension. The adoption of CA in India represents a sustainable intensification method which strengthens food security, enhancing the farm profitability, and environmental resilience during climate-related risks while achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals.